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I am fortunate where I live to have convenient access to high quality, farm fresh milk from both cows and goats for reasonable prices. My family enjoys both types of dairy although each member of the family tends to have a preference if given the choice of one over the other.
One of my kids asked me the other day about goat milk versus cow milk and which was better than the other. Great question!
Goat Milk Advantages
The most significant difference between goat milk and cow milk is that fresh, unpasteurized cow milk forms a distinct creamline at the top and goat milk does not. The reason is that goat milk is naturally homogenized which means the fat molecules are smaller than in cow milk and so remain evenly dispersed throughout the milk. Incidentally, sheep milk is also naturally homogenized.
The smaller size of the fat globules seems to make goat milk more digestible for some people but not all.  I personally find no difference in digestibility between the two.
While the protein structure of cow and goat milk is fairly similar, goat milk is missing an alpha casein present in cow’s milk. In addition, when you drink a glass of goat milk and it reacts with the acid in your stomach, the protein curds that precipitate are smaller in size and a bit softer than the ones that form with cow’s milk. This is another reason some folks find goat milk to be more easily digested than cow milk.
Cow Milk Advantages
Cow milk is higher is vitamin B12 which so many people are severely deficient in. Goat milk also lacks folic acid making cow milk more suitable for homemade infant formula in the event the mother cannot breastfeed.
Cow milk is also higher in B6 making it a better choice for pregnant mothers who have morning sickness.  I myself suffered from B6 deficiency morning sickness and so found sipping fresh cow milk during the first trimester to bring immediate and welcome relief. Incidentally, B6 is destroyed by pasteurization so any sort of heat treated or pasteurized milk will not help in this regard. The milk must be farm fresh and preferably grassfed.
The Weston A. Price Foundation recommends adding 2 teaspoons organic raw chicken liver, frozen for 14 days, finely grated to each batch of the milk based formula if goat milk is used and encourages egg yolk feeding for babies to begin no later than four months old.  If cow milk is used, egg yolk feeding can be started later if desired at 6 months.
Cow milk is usually more readily available than goat milk and is typically a lower cost per gallon making it more suitable for tighter budgets.
Sometimes I’ve heard folks say that they prefer the taste of cow milk because goat milk tastes goaty, but in my experience, goaty tasting goat milk is more a result of quality than anything. The goat milk I buy doesn’t taste goaty unless it is more than a week old (and then it only gets a slight goaty taste) and is generally very similar in taste to cow milk.
Goat Milk vs Cow Milk?
Ultimately, the choice of whether to drink fresh cow or goat milk is a personal preference. In my home, I have both available and while I prefer cow milk, I do enjoy goat milk kefir for my smoothies just to mix things up a bit and provide more variety to my diet. For straight drinking, my husband prefers goat milk but loves cow milk cream on his fruit. My kids generally prefer cow milk although they don’t mind a glass of goat milk when it is really fresh.
So what did I answer my child when he asked whether one milk was better than the other? I told him that it was kind of like the difference between turkey and chicken. They are both yummy and healthy and it’s perfectly ok to prefer one over the other or even drink both if you want to!
Sarah, The Healthy Home Economist
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Sources and More Information
I haven’t read this yet but I prefer, cows milk.
I also don’t like the taste of goat milk.
Much prefer cow milk. Goat milk has a taste I don’t care for, almost a little bitter.
I love the taste of raw cow milk, I use Jersey cow milk…. I get it for $2.50 per gallon. The raw goat milk is $10 per gallon. No thank you! And the lady who sells the raw goat milk tells everyone how it is bad to drink cow’s milk, that it causes mucus, etc. even raw cow milk. So I printed out an article for her on the differences of A1 type milk, and A2 type milk.
I like both, but cow milk has more fat so I usually drink that
Almost every source I find on the internet states how goat milk is better than cow milk. I just wanted to see both sides of the argument fairly. Unfortunately, the article seems a bit biased towards cow milk since maybe you and most of your family prefer cow milk. There are a lot of advantages of goat milk that you missed out on such as their higher nutritional content of minerals and vitamins and even more. The lower price of cow milk that you stated as an advantage however proves that goat milk is actually more valuable than cow milk. I personally prefer cow milk since the goat milk taste is pretty strong and I find it difficult to drink.
I know this is an old post, but I am a recent convert to having my OWN milk goats and I have to say that I LOVE the taste! Cleanliness in the process and chilling quickly are an absolute necessity to get really good tasting milk! Also, I work at a hospital in a Rehab with lots of senior citizens and I can’t tell you how many have told me stories of cow milk allergies (raw) from when they grew up on a farm, and had to get goats milk for digestibilty! In fact, several said that they had siblings whose survival was directly linked to goats milk! Amazing! (nothing against cows!) We have those also, but this has been my experience! Just FYI!
Milk handling is not the only thing that effects the taste of goat milk! Their health, what they eat, if they are near a buck and mineral deficiency such a copper and selenium, as well as vitamin deficiency can all effect the quality of the milk. Most feeds and mineral supplements (even ones labeled for goats) are not sufficient for them.
I grew up on raw cow milk but had an allergy that was remedied by raw goat milk instead. I still do not tolerate raw cow milk well. Guess it just varies from person to person.
Keeping the Billies far away from the dairy barn and fresh (milking) goats will keep the milk sweeter!